What is a risk assessment, and why does it matter?

A risk assessment is a proactive process that helps identify hazards in the workplace and evaluate the potential for harm. The questions all risk assessment ask are: what could go wrong, and how serious could it be?

To answer this, we use a risk matrix table: a tool that helps determine how likely harm is to occur, and how severe the outcome could be. Hazards that are both more likely to happen and more severe if they do happen are assigned a higher risk level. This information is key to deciding which hazards are most serious and should be dealt with first.  

Why do risk assessments need to be done?

Risk assessments help you:

• Create awareness of hazards and risks
• Identify who may be affected (e.g., workers, cleaners, residents, visitors, contractors)
• Determine what controls are needed, or whether existing ones are working
• Prevent injuries or illnesses, especially when done early (during design or planning stages)
• Prioritize hazards based on their risk level
• Meet legal and regulatory requirements

How do I decide which risks to deal with first?

Start with the highest risks—those that are both likely to happen and have serious consequences.

To do this, follow the hierarchy of controls. This system ranks control methods from most effective to least effective:

1. Elimination – Physically remove the hazard (most effective)
2. Substitution – Replace the hazard with something safer
3. Engineering controls – Isolate people from the hazard
4. Administrative controls – Change how people work (e.g., procedures, training)
5. Personal protective equipment (PPE) – Use equipment as a last line of defence

What types of risks should I consider?

In healthcare and long-term care settings, risk assessments should include areas such as:

• Violence prevention
• First aid readiness
• Infection prevention and control
• Safe handling of residents and clients

One type of risk assessment that is quick and more informal is a point-of-care risk assessment, which is a strategy that healthcare workers can use for any interaction by assessing their surroundings. This methodical approach can improve the personal safety of workers and the quality of care for their residents. We provide resources on this, including a worksheet and reference card.